Physics (物理)
The emergence of a highly competitive and integrated world economy, rapid scientific and technological innovations, and the ever-growing knowledge base will continue to have a profound impact on our lives. In order to meet the challenges posed by these developments, Physics, like other science electives, will provide a platform for developing scientific literacy and the essential scientific knowledge and skills for lifelong learning in science and technology. Physics is one of the most fundamental natural sciences. It involves the study of universal laws, and of the behaviours and relationships among a wide range of physical phenomena. Through the learning of physics, students will acquire conceptual and procedural knowledge relevant to their daily lives. In addition to the relevance and intrinsic beauty of physics, the study of physics will enable students to develop an understanding of its practical applications in a wide variety of fields. With a solid foundation in physics, students should be able to appreciate both the intrinsic beauty and quantitative nature of physical phenomena, and the role of physics in many important developments in engineering, medicine, economics and other fields of science and technology. Study of the contributions, issues and problems related to innovations in physics will enable students to develop an integrative view of the relationships that hold between science, technology, society and the environment (STSE). The curriculum attempts to make the study of physics interesting and relevant. It is suggested that the learning of physics should be introduced in real-life contexts. The adoption of a wide range of learning contexts, learning and teaching strategies, and assessment practices is intended to appeal to students of all abilities and aspirations, and to stimulate their interest and motivation for learning. Together with other learning experiences, students are expected to be able to apply their knowledge of physics, to appreciate the relationship between physics and other disciplines, to be aware of the interconnections among science, technology, society and the environment in contemporary issues, and to become responsible citizens.
我們如何教授Physics
Knowledge and Understanding
Students are expected to: a) understand phenomena, facts and patterns, principles, concepts, laws, theories and models in physics; b) learn the vocabulary, terminology and conventions used in physics; c) acquire knowledge of techniques and skills specific to the study of physics; and d) develop an understanding of technological applications of physics and of their social implications.
Skills and Processes
(1) Scientific thinking Students are expected to: > identify attributes of objects or natural phenomena; > identify patterns and changes in the natural world and predict trends from them; > examine evidence and apply logical reasoning to draw valid conclusions; > present concepts of physics in mathematical terms whenever appropriate; > appreciate the fundamental role of models in exploring observed natural phenomena; > appreciate that models are modified as new or conflicting evidence is found; > examine theories and concepts through logical reasoning and experimentation; > recognise preconceptions or misconceptions with the aid of experimental evidence; and > integrate concepts within a framework of knowledge, and apply this to new situations. (2) Scientific investigation Students are expected to: > ask relevant questions; > propose hypotheses for scientific phenomena and devise methods to test them; > identify dependent and independent variables in investigations; 9 > devise plans and procedures to carry out investigations; > select appropriate methods and apparatus to carry out investigations; > observe and record experimental observations accurately and honestly; > organise and analyse data, and infer from observations and experimental results; > use graphical techniques appropriately to display experimental results and to convey concepts; > produce reports on investigations, draw conclusions and make further predictions; > evaluate experimental results and identify factors affecting their quality and reliability; and > propose plans for further investigations, if appropriate. (3) Practical work Students are expected to: > devise and plan experiments; > select appropriate apparatus and materials for an experiment; > follow procedures to carry out experiments; > handle apparatus properly and safely; > measure to the precision allowed by the instruments; > recognise the limitations of instruments used; > interpret observations and experimental data; and > evaluate experimental methods and suggest possible improvements. (4) Problem-solving Students are expected to: > clarify and analyse problems related to physics; > apply knowledge and principles of physics to solve problems; > suggest creative ideas or solutions to problems; > propose solution plans and evaluate their feasibility; and > devise appropriate strategies to deal with issues that may arise. (5) Decision-making Students are expected to: > make decisions based on the examination of evidence and arguments; > support judgments using appropriate scientific principles; and > put forward suitable reasoning to choose between alternatives. 10 (6) Information handling Students are expected to: > search, retrieve, reorganise, analyse and interpret scientific information from libraries, the media, the Internet and multi-media software packages; > use information technology to manage and present information, and to develop habits of self-directed learning; > be cautious about the accuracy and credibility of information from secondary sources; and > distinguish among fact, opinion and value judgment in processing scientific information. (7) Communication Students are expected to: > read and understand articles involving physics terminology, concepts and principles; > use appropriate terminology to communicate information related to physics in oral, written or other suitable forms; and > organise, present and communicate physics ideas in a vivid and logical manner. (8) Collaboration Students are expected to: > participate actively, share ideas and offer suggestions in group discussions; > liaise, negotiate and compromise with others in group work; > identify collective goals, and define and agree on the roles and responsibilities of members in science projects requiring team work; > act responsibly to accomplish allocated tasks; > be open and responsive to ideas and constructive criticism from team members; > build on the different strengths of members to maximise the potential of the team; > demonstrate willingness to offer help to less able team members and to seek help from more able members; and > make use of strategies to work effectively as members of project teams. (9) Self-directed learning Students are expected to: > develop their study skills to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of their learning; > engage in self-directed learning activities in the study of physics; and > develop appropriate learning habits, abilities and positive attitudes that are essential to the foundation of lifelong and independent learning.
Values and Attitudes
(1) towards themselves and others Students are expected to: > develop and possess positive values and attitudes such as curiosity, honesty, respect for evidence, perseverance and tolerance of uncertainty through the study of physics; > develop a habit of self-reflection and the ability to think critically; > be willing to communicate and comment on issues related to physics and science; > develop open-mindedness and be able to show tolerance and respect towards the opinions and decisions of others even in disagreement; and > be aware of the importance of safety for themselves and others and be committed to safe practices in their daily lives. (2) towards physics and the world we are living in Students are expected to: > appreciate achievements in physics and recognise their limitations; > accept the provisional status of the knowledge and theory of physics; > apply the knowledge and understanding of physics rationally in making informed decisions or judgments on issues in their daily lives; and > be aware of the social, economic, environmental and technological implications of the achievements in physics. (3) towards learning as a lifelong process Students are expected to: > recognise the consequences of the evolutionary nature of scientific knowledge and understand that constant updating of knowledge is important in the world of science and technology; > be exposed to new developments in physics, science and technology and develop an interest in them; and > recognise the importance of lifelong learning in our rapidly changing knowledge-based society.
課程大綱及免費筆記
Heat and Gases ()
This topic examines the concept of thermal energy and transfer processes which are crucial for the maintenance and quality of our lives. Particular attention is placed on the distinction and relationships among temperature, internal energy and energy transfer. Students are also encouraged to adopt microscopic interpretations of various important concepts in the topic of thermal physics. Calculations involving specific heat capacity will serve to complement the theoretical aspects of heat and energy transfer. The practical importance of the high specific heat capacity of water can be illustrated with examples close to the experience of students. A study of conduction, convection and radiation provides a basis for analysing the containment of internal energy and transfer of energy related to heat. The physics involving the change of states is examined and numerical problems involving specific latent heat are used to consolidate the theoretical aspects of energy conversion. The ideal gas law relating the pressure, temperature and volume of an ideal gas was originally derived from the experimentally measured Charles’ law and Boyle’s law. Many common gases exhibit behaviour very close to that of an ideal gas at ambient temperature and pressure. The ideal gas law is a good approximation for studying the properties of gases because it does not deviate much from the ways that real gases behave. The kinetic theory of gases is intended to correlate temperature to the kinetic energy of gas molecules and interpret pressure in terms of the motion of gas molecules.
核心概念
閱讀免費筆記- •Temperature, Thermometers and the Celsius Scale
- •Heat and Internal Energy
- •Heat Capacity and Specific Heat Capacity
- •Conduction, Convection and Radiation
- •+ 5 個更多課題