Earth and Space

Unit Overview

This Unit will introduce scientific concepts related to the structure of the earth, earth resources and space exploration. Students will begin by learning the physical characteristics of the planets in the solar system and compare them with the surface temperature, atmospheric composition and water distribution of the Earth, through which to explore planets which may have potential conditions to support life. Students will further develop their understanding of the relationships between different phenomena and processes on Earth, such as the sun provides energy to the earth through radiation, the growth of plants and animals, the movement of clouds, and the water cycle, and discuss how these processes interact with each other to make life sustainable, thereby deepening their understanding of the overarching concepts of “change and constancy”. In addition, teachers can arrange appropriate learning activities to allow students to conduct scientific discussions comparing the advantages and limitations of fossil fuels and renewable energy sources, and inspiring them to reflect on the responsibilities towards the environment and sustainable development. Moreover, concepts learnt from geography topics of “Energy” and “Ocean” provide background knowledge for students to understand the scientific concepts in this Unit. Teachers are encouraged to guide students to carry out cross-disciplinary projects so that they can have a more holistic view in investigating issues relating to these topics. This Unit also facilitates students to appreciate the country's achievements in the development of space science (e.g. the Tiangong Space Station and China manned space program) and understand the contributions made by local and national aerospace scientists in research fields on lunar surface sampling and deep space exploration. By studying the national space research project, students can understand and appreciate the country’s important achievements and contributions in the development of space science and appreciate the dedication of scientists. Besides, teachers can design appropriate learning and teaching activities to facilitate students to develop and master the following skills: a) using a set of general observations, trend or model to deduce a specific result b) making inference to the best possible explanation to the observed phenomenon c) using tables and graphs for data analysis d) choosing from alternative experimental methods or improving the method for a scientific investigation e) commenting the reliability of a scientific measurement or a scientific investigation f) organising the claim, evidence and reasoning clearly in scientific discussions g) evaluating the balance between the development of science and technology as well as environmental cost.